Growth at Every Stage of Life – Erik Erikson’s 8 Stages of Development
- Markus Meier
- Jun 29
- 2 min read
In our personal development, we pass through different phases of life—each with its own challenges and opportunities. Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson structured this process in his model of psychosocial development into eight stages. This model can not only deepen our understanding of our own behavior but also help us support our clients more effectively in coaching.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0–1 year)
In this first stage, babies develop trust when their basic needs are reliably met. If this succeeds, a sense of basic trust emerges—the foundation for secure relationships.
👉 In coaching: How deep is your trust in life and in other people?
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1–3 years)
Children discover their own will and want to act independently. When they are supported, a healthy sense of self-worth develops.
👉 Ask yourself: Do you allow yourself to follow your own path—or do you doubt your inner strength?
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3–6 years)
Children learn to put their own ideas into action. If they are overly restricted, feelings of guilt may arise.
👉 Reflection: How do you handle your impulses today—do you allow yourself to act creatively?
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6–12 years)
At this stage, achievement takes center stage. Children want to "accomplish" things and be recognized for them.
👉 Coaching prompt: What gives you a sense of worth and competence today?
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12–18 years)
The central question is: Who am I? Teenagers experiment with different roles.
👉 Question: In which roles do you feel authentic and aligned today?
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (18–35 years)
Now it's about building stable, loving relationships—without losing oneself.
👉 Reflection: How open are you to true closeness—and where do you set healthy boundaries?
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (35–60 years)
In this phase, we seek to give back—whether to children, projects, or the community.
👉 Coaching prompt: Where do you want to invest your energy—what legacy do you want to leave?
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (60+ years)
In the later years of life, we look back: Was my life meaningful? Have I made peace with myself?
👉 Question: What can you do today to one day look back with a sense of inner peace?
Erik Erikson’s model shows us that personal development is a lifelong journey. Each stage brings a new task—and a new opportunity to grow. As a coach, I see it as my mission to support you on your own unique path—no matter which stage of life you're currently in.
Did you recognize yourself in one of the stages in particular?
If so, I invite you to explore it more deeply in a coaching session and discover new perspectives.
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